The Framework

Five domains. One shared language.

The 5 Knowings translates three decades of research in positive psychology, organisational science and leadership effectiveness into a practical framework that managers can use from day one.

Why five knowings?

Most performance management frameworks focus on what managers should do. The 5 Knowings focuses on what managers need to know — because durable behaviour change starts with insight, not instruction.

Each Knowing maps a distinct domain of managerial competence. Together they form a complete picture of what it means to manage well: understanding yourself, your people, your organisation, the rules you operate within, and how to measure and grow performance over time.

The framework is built on 90 behavioural descriptors across 30 sub-competencies, giving organisations a precise, shared vocabulary for conversations about performance — from individual coaching to 360 feedback to team diagnostics.

5

Core Knowings

30

Sub-competencies

90

Behavioural descriptors

The five knowings

Select each knowing to explore its sub-competencies and the research behind it.

Self-awareness is the foundation of effective management. Know Yourself develops the strengths awareness, values clarity and emotional intelligence that enable managers to lead authentically and sustainably.

Research consistently shows that managers with high self-awareness make better decisions, build stronger relationships and recover more quickly from setbacks. This Knowing draws on positive psychology's strengths-based approach, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy's values work, and the emotional intelligence literature to give managers a clear picture of who they are at their best — and what gets in the way.

Sub-competencies

Strengths Awareness

Identifying and deploying personal strengths in the management role.

People who use their strengths every day are six times more likely to be engaged at work and 8% more productive. For a manager, strengths awareness has two dimensions: knowing and deploying your own strengths deliberately, and identifying the strengths of every person in your team. The manager who can say with confidence what each team member is genuinely best at — and who puts that knowledge to use in how they assign work, give feedback and recognise contribution — will consistently outperform a manager who treats everyone the same.

Research insight

“People who use their strengths every day are six times more likely to be engaged at work, 8% more productive, and significantly less likely to leave their organisation.”

Gallup, StrengthsFinder 2.0 (2007)

Values Clarity

Understanding personal values and how they shape management decisions.

Values are the deep motivational architecture of human behaviour. When people work in environments that align with their core values, they experience psychological authenticity — the sense of being genuinely themselves — which is associated with higher wellbeing, lower stress and greater job satisfaction. As a manager, values clarity matters in three ways: understanding your own values and recognising when they are being honoured or compromised; aligning team norms and decisions with shared values; and modelling the organisation's values through behaviour, not just words.

Emotional Intelligence

Recognising and regulating emotions in self and others.

Daniel Goleman's research found that emotional intelligence was twice as important as technical skills and IQ in differentiating outstanding from average performers — with the effect especially pronounced at management level. Self-regulation — the ability to manage your emotional responses, particularly under pressure — is the component most directly relevant to everyday management. A manager who can stay regulated under pressure creates safety and clarity for their team; one who cannot creates anxiety that reduces performance.

Research insight

“Emotional intelligence accounts for 67% of the abilities deemed necessary for superior performance in leaders, and matters twice as much as technical expertise or IQ.”

Goleman, D., What Makes a Leader? Harvard Business Review (1998)

Self-Limiting Beliefs

Identifying and challenging unhelpful internal narratives.

Carol Dweck's research distinguishes between a fixed mindset — the belief that intelligence and ability are fixed traits — and a growth mindset — the belief that capabilities can be developed through effort and learning. Managers who operate from a fixed mindset inadvertently create cultures where mistakes are hidden and feedback is resisted. Self-limiting beliefs are the internal narratives that constrain behaviour without us noticing: 'I am not good at difficult conversations.' 'I am not a natural leader.' Left unchallenged, these beliefs become self-fulfilling prophecies.

Research insight

“In a growth mindset, students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and persistence.”

Carol Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (2006)

Energy & Wellbeing

Managing personal energy and modelling sustainable work practices.

A manager's energy and wellbeing directly affects the team. Research on emotional contagion shows that a leader's mood — positive or negative — spreads through a team within minutes. Managers who model sustainable work practices, who take breaks, who acknowledge when they are under pressure and manage it constructively, create permission for their teams to do the same. Burnout in a manager is not just a personal cost — it is a team performance risk.

Learning Agility

Embracing feedback and continuously developing as a manager.

The most effective managers are not those who know the most — they are those who learn the fastest. Learning agility is the ability to extract insight from experience, seek feedback actively, and apply new understanding quickly. A manager who asks for feedback on their own leadership — and who responds to it with genuine curiosity rather than defensiveness — models the growth culture they are trying to build. Nothing demonstrates a growth mindset more clearly to a team than seeing their manager actively seek and act on feedback about themselves.

Grounded in evidence

The 5 Knowings draws on peer-reviewed research across positive psychology, organisational science and leadership effectiveness.

Positive Psychology

Martin Seligman, Christopher Peterson and the VIA Institute on Character — the science of human flourishing, strengths and wellbeing.

Psychological Safety

Amy Edmondson's two decades of research at Harvard Business School on the conditions that enable teams to learn and perform.

Emotional Intelligence

Daniel Goleman's research demonstrating that EI predicts leadership effectiveness more strongly than IQ or technical skill.

Growth Mindset

Carol Dweck's foundational research on fixed versus growth mindset and its implications for learning, performance and leadership.

Goal Setting Theory

Edwin Locke and Gary Latham's research demonstrating that specific, challenging goals consistently produce higher performance.

Strengths-Based Development

Gallup's StrengthsFinder research across 26 million people, demonstrating the performance advantage of strengths-based management.

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The 5 Knowings

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